© Hermann Geissel 2004 - Leaving Certificate Agricultural Science - http://www.crsbooks.net

Index

A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

A

abdomen, 37, 80
abnormal position, 164
abomasum, 75, 86, 88, 142
abortion, 147
abscissic acid, 66
abscission, 66
absolute zero, 47
absorption of food, 85
acetic acid, 49
acetic acid bacteria, 49
acid brown earths, 17
acid parent material, 17
acid rain, 5, 23
acid soils, 3
acidic conditions, 176
acidic rock, 4
acidic soil, 22
acidic soils, 5
acidified milk, 142, 143
acids, 2
active transport, 38, 47, 48, 49, 58
activity
boar, 172
ram, 163,168
ad lib feeding, 135, 136, 173
ad lib feeding (pigs), 172
ad lib feeding of milk / milk
replacer, 143
ad lib feeding of silage, 145
additives, 114, 181
ADG (average daily gain), 149
ADH (antidiuretic hormone), 93
adipose tissue, 88
ADP (adenosine triphosphate), 49
adrenal glands, 96, 97
adrenaline, 97
adventitious root, 58
aeration of soil, 11, 22,24
aerial shoot (haulm), 118
aerobic, 181, 182
aerobic respiration, 49, 66, 80
aerobic soil bacteria, 11
afterbirth, 98, 164
aftergrass, 149, 157, 163, 168
agar, 30
aggregates, 13
Agricultural Institute, The, 15
AI (artificial insemination), 46, 98, 133, 135, 141, 142, 152
air layering, 63
air passages, 81
air spaces, 14
albumen, 138
alcohol, 47, 48, 50, 55, 68
alder, 176
alfalfa, 112
algae, 10, 35, 54, 55
algal bloom, 55, 182
alimentary canal, 23, 84, 96, 178
alkaline rock, 5
alkaline soils, 10, 176
all-beef crosses, 133
all-beef suckler cow, 134, 155
alleles, 42, 43
all-grass systems, 132
alternative crops, 124
alternative foodstuffs, 174
altitude, 13
aluminium, 7, 16
aluminium silicon oxides
(alumino-silicates), 15
alveoli, 81, 138
amino acids, 42, 61, 82, 83, 85, 87, 91, 92, 93, 140, 174
amino acid structure (see appendix)
amino group, 88, 93
ammonia, 1, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 93
ammonium, 20
bicarbonate, 20
carbonate, 20
nitrate, 20
sulphate, 20
ammonium ion, 2, 19
amoeba, 32, 35, 36, 89, 91
amphibians, 36, 38
amylase, 85, 88, 102
An Foras Taluntas, 15
anaemia, 84
anaerobic, 182
anaerobic bacteria, 139
anaerobic conditions, 6, 16
anaerobic conditions in silage, 50
anaerobic respiration, 49, 50
anaphase, 40, 41
androecium, 64
androgens, 97
androsterone, 97
angelica, 34
angiosperms, 34, 64
Angus cattle, 42, 132, 157
animal cell, 40
animal kingdom, 35
animal parasites, 35
animal protein, 173, 174
animal starch, 60, 88
animal tallow, 173
animals, 49, 74
anions (positively charged), 2, 13, 14, 19
annelids, 35, 36
annual cycle of a dairy cow, 135
annual weeds, 127
annuals, 61
annular ring, 137
antagonistic muscles, 80
antennae, 37
anthelminthic drugs, 168, 171
anther, 64
antibacterial, 172
antibiotics, 54, 135, 147, 172
anti-bloat treatment, 108
antibodies, 89, 91, 142, 165, 169
antibody test, 147
anus, 85
aorta, 89, 90, 93
aphids, 119, 123, 127
apical dominance, 66
appendicular skeleton, 79
apple, 34
apple (potato fruit), 117
apple tree, 64
aquatic animals, 92
arachnids, 36, 37, 78
arid regions, 13
arteriole, 93, 94
artery, 89, 90, 93, 94
arthropods, 36, , 37, 76, 78
artificial insemination, 46, 98,133, 135, 141, 142, 152
artificial plant hormones, 66
aschelminths, 35, 36, 75
aseasonal oestrus, 160
aseasonal sheep breeds, 166
aspect, 13, 136, 177
assistance at lambing, 164
association of plants, 180
atmosphere, 179, 180
atomic mass, 1
atomic nucleus, 1
atomic number, 1
atomic structure, 2
of hydrogen, 2
of oxygen, 2
of sodium, 2
atoms, 1
ATP, 38, 49
auricle, 90, 105
automatic feeders, 143
autosomes, 39, 43
autotroph, 32, 180
autumn calving, 136, 155
autumn ploughing, 77, 117, 125
auxin, 66
available water, 11
Avondale, 116
awn, 105
axial skeleton, 79
axillary bud, 57, 62
axon, 95, 96
Azotobacter, 18

B

Babesia, 35
bacilli, 56
back cross, 43
backbone, 79, 146
backfat, 170
bacteria, 6, 11, 19, 22, 24, 30, 32, 35, 49, 54, 55, 56, 81, 86, 87, 91, 93, 140, 79
aerobic, 6
anaerobic, 6
bacteria of decay, 16, 181
bacterial action, 20, 137, 139
bacterial pneumonia, 147
bacterial protein, 21
bad feet, 161
Baerman funnel, 28
baker’s yeast, 34, 54, 55
baled silage, 114, 181
baler/wrapper, 115
ball-and-socket joint, 79
band spraying, 122
barley, 13, 22, 124, 145, 151, 172, 173, 174
Barna, 116
barren ewes, 161, 163, 167
basalt, 4
base exchange (cation exchange), 14, 19
base exchange capacity, 10, 15
base saturation, 14
bases, 2, 3, 16
basic life functions, 82
basic rock, 4
basic seed, 117
Basic Slag, 19
basin peats, 6, 15
beans, 18, 22, 34, 124, 179
beating tray, 192
bedding plants, 61
beech seedling, 177
beef, 180
beef breeds, 132
beef production, 148, 189
beef sire, 134
beer, 55
beestings, 142
beet, 22
beet harvester, 122
beet pulp, 120, 123, 141, 145, 151
beet tops, 24, 123, 158, 167
beetles, 36, 37
belching, 137
Belclare Improver, 159
Belclare sheep breed, 158, 159
Belgian Blue cattle, 44, 132, 134
belt transect, 192
belt type beet harvester, 122
Benedict’s solution, 100
bent, 109
bicuspid valve, 90
biennial plants, 120
biennials, 61
Bifidobacterium lactis, 55
bile, 85, 88
bile duct, 75, 85
binary fission, 35, 55
binomial system, 34
biological efficiency, 148
biological factors, 5
biomass, 179, 180
biomolecules (see appendix),
biosphere, 180
biotechnology, 56
biotic factors, 177
bird repellent, 127
birds, 36, 38, 80, 94, 177
birth, 98
birth weight
lambs, 165
calves, 153
pigs, 171
Biuret test, 101
black disease, 169
black scurf, 117
blackberry, 62
Blackface Mountain sheep, 158, 159, 161, 162, 167
blackfly, 123
blackleg, 147, 150, 169
blackleg (sugar beet), 123
bladder, 93, 98
blanket bog, 6
blanket peats, 15, 16
blight, 117, 118
blight control, 119
blind spot, 104
bloat, 108, 137
Blonde d’Aquitaine, 134
blood, 82, 89, 91, 98, 138, 174
circulation, 164
clotting, 45, 89
flow, 94
plasma, 89
poisoning, 147
serum, 78, 90, 93
stream, 96
sugar, 88
vessel, 86
bloodless castrator, 165
blowfly, 165, 167
Blue-faced Leicester, 158
blue-green algae, 32, 55
boar, 170, 171, 172
boar activity, 172
body condition, 135
body condition (ewe), 163
body conformation, 141
body reserves, 136
bog, 7
preservation of, 7
moss, 6, 34
profile, 6
bogland, 24
bolting, 122
bolt-resistant varieties, 122
bone, 25, 79, 80, 84, 89
bone marrow, 79, 89
bone meal, 24, 174
bone tissue, 99
bonus lamb crop, 160
book stomach, 88
booster injection, 164, 169
booster vaccination, 165, 171
borage, 124
borax, 124
Bord na Mona, 6
Border Leicester, 158, 159
boron, 13, 17, 22, 23, 121
boron deficiency, 124
bovine viral diarrhoea, 147
Bowman’s capsule, 93
bracken, 176
bract, 64, 105
Bradford Spinning Count Number, 169
brain, 89, 91, 95, 96, 138
bran, 171, 173, 174
branched veins, 59
Brassica, 34, 76
braxy, 169
breathing, 49, 81, 100
breathing mechanisms, 80
breathing system, 80
breed profile (cattle), 132
breeding gilts, 170
breeding principles, 45
breeding replacement heifers, 145
brewer’s yeast, 54, 55
brewers grains, 141
British Friesian, 131
British Queen, 116
broad-leaved trees, 34
broad-leaved weeds, 66, 110, 127
broad-spectrum anthelmintic, 171
bronchioles, 81
bronchus, 81
Brown Earths, 15, 17
Brown Podzolics, 15
Brownface Borris, 160
browntop, 109
Brucella abortus, 147
brucellosis, 141, 147
Bryophyta, 34
BSE (bovine spongiform encephalitis), 131, 149
bud graft, 63
budding, 55
building materials, 81, 82, 92
bulb, 62
bulk feeds, 135
bull beef production, 156, 157
bullocks, 146
Bunsen burner, 51
Burdizzo, 165
burnet, 176
burning off potato haulms, 120
burning stubble, 127
Burren, The, 5, 116
buttercup, 34, 109
family, 34
flower, 65
butterfat, 82, 141
percentage, 132, 138
butterfly, 37, 76, 77
butyric acid, 49
bacteria, 49
butyrometer tube, 175
BVD (bovine viral diarrhoea), 147
by-products of sugar beet, 123

C

C:N ratio, 21
cabbage, 34, 115
cabbage family, 34
cabbage white butterfly, 76
caecum, 85
calcareous, 4
calcined magnesite, 137
calcium, 4, 7, 13, 15, 17, 22, 82, 84, 95, 138
deficiency, 124
ions, 2, 14
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN), 19
calcium carbonate, 1, 79, 174
calcium hydroxide, 3
calcium oxide, 3
calcium phosphate, 79
calcium sulphate, 23
calf, 91
calf mortality, 147, 153
calf performance, 155
calf rearing, 142, 152, 156
calf removal from dam, 152
calf survival, 153
calf-to-beef, 149
calves at grass, 143, 149
calving, 142
assistance, 142
difficulties / problems, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 141, 152, 153, 155
patterns, 136, 140
rate, 153
calving interval, 153
calving jack, 142
calving time (suckler herd), 155
calyx, 64
cambium, 59
CAN, 19
Candida albicans, 55
canine, 86, 87
Canis canis, 34
Canis lupus, 34
canopy (sugar beet), 122
capillaries, 11
capillarity, 27
capillary, 81, 90, 93
capillary spaces, 11
capillary water, 11
capping of soil, 121
capture-recapture method, 192
Cara, 116
carbohydrates, 10, 22, 23, 24, 25, 60, 61, 81, 82, 83, 87, 88, 92, 134, 177
carbon, 1, 4, 19, 83
carbon cycle, 10, 50
carbon dioxide, 1, 2, 10, 11, 17, 24, 25, 49, 50, 52, 55, 61, 68, 80, 81, 82, 89, 91, 92, 93
carbonate, 30
carbonate ion, 2
carbonic acid, 2, 5
carboniferous soils, 22
carcase, 134, 161
carcase grade, 153
carcase quality, 133, 134, 155, 159, 173, 174
carnassial, 86, 87
carnivore, 86, 179, 180
carotene, 83
carotenoids, 83
carpel, 64, 65
carr, 6
carrier, 45
carrot, 34, 60, 61
carrot family, 34
cartilage, 80
cartilaginous pad, 86, 87
casein, 138
castration, 146, 165
catalyst, 61
catch crops, 24, 107, 115, 163, 166
caterpillar, 76, 77
cation (base) exchange, 14, 19
cation exchange capacity , 10, 15
cations, 2, 3, 13, 14
cattle, 75, 86, 88, 91, 131
breeds, 131
diseases, 147
caudal, 79
celandine, 34
cell, 49, 55, 82, 92
division, 40
elongation, 66
equator, 40
membrane, 38, 39, 40, 49
plate, 40, 41
poles, 40, 41
sap, 38
structure, 38
wall, 22, 32, 38, 39, 40, 41, 60, 86
cellular respiration, 49
cellulose, 10, 17, 60, 82
centipedes, 36, 37
central nervous system, 94
centromere, 40, 41
cephalothorax, 37
cercaria, 74, 75
cereal by-products, 174
cereal plant (generalised), 124
cereals, 19, 22, 34, 167, 174
cerebellum, 95
cerebrum, 95
certified seed, 128
certified seed (potato), 117
cervical, 79
cervix, 97, 98
Charolais, 132, 133
cheek cells, 51
chelated manganese, 124
chelates, 124, 126, 127
chemical energy, 60, 179
chemical poisons, 182
chemical properties of clay, 13
chemical properties of humus, 13
chemical weedkiller, 122
chest, 80
chewing, 84, 86, 88
chewing the cud, 86
chickens, 46, 47
chicory, 108
chloramphenicol, 168
chlorine, 1, 84, 95, 118
chlorine ion, 2
chlorophyll, 17, 23, 35, 38, 54, 59, 61, 68, 124
chlorophyll synthesis, 23
chloroplasts, 38, 39, 59
chlorosis, 17, 23, 124
choice of ram, 162
chopper blower, 123
chordata, 35, 36, 37
chromatids, 40, 41
chromatin, 40
chromosome, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43
chrysalis, 76, 77
chyme, 85
cinquefoil, 34
circulatory system, 89
citric acid, 142
clamp, 122
classification of animal, 36
classification of bacteria, 56
clay, 8, 9, 13, 15
chemical properties, 13
natural fertility of, 15
clay fraction of soil, 17
clay particles, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 19
clay soil, 8, 11, 13, 136
characteristics of, 8
clay-humus complexes, 10
clean milk, 139
clean pasture, 150, 168
cleft graft, 63
click beetle, 77
climatic factors, 176, 177
climax, 180
cloaca, 93
closing paddocks for silage, 149
clostridial diseases, 164, 165, 168, 169
Clostridium, 168
Clostridium chauvei, 147
clover, 13, 18, 22, 34, 66, 105, 106, 108, 109, 137, 176, 177, 187, 188
clover content of pasture, 137
clover rich swards, 188
CNS (central nervous system), 94, 95
coal deposits, 34
cobalt, 82, 84, 87
cobalt chloride paper, 69
cocci, 56
coccidiosis, 167
cocks, 47
cocksfoot, 105, 106, 176
cohesion, 60
coleoptile, 65
coleorhiza, 65
collar bone, 91
collenchyma, 59
colloidal properties, 13
of clay and humus, 13
colloidal solution, 13
colon, 34, 85
colonisation, 180
colostrum, 142, 147, 164, 165, 169
colour vision, 104
colour-marking of offspring, 134
combination seeding harrow, 12
combustion, 50
commensal, 55
commensalism, 180
commercial fertiliser, 24, 126
community (plant/animal), 177, 180
compaction, 113, 117, 121
comparison of ryegrass varieties, 107
compensatory growth, 92, 144, 148, 151, 156
competition, 177
complete diet, 137
complete metamorphosis, 76
Compositae, 34, 65
composition of a sward, 109
composition of blood, 89
composition of bone, 79
composition of milk, 138
compound fertilisers, 22, 118, 121
compounds, 1
concentrate feeding to calves, 142
concentrate mixture, 124
concentrate ration for dairy
cows, 140
concentrated diet, 164
concentrates, 135, 136, 137, 140, 151, 156, 157, 163, 165, 167
conception, 135
conception rate, 153
conception rate (pigs), 171
condition, 135
condition score, 135, 155
condition scores (cows), 146
condition targets, 146
conditioned reflex, 103
conductor, 94
condyle, 86, 87
cones, 34
conformation, 131, 152, 154
of carcase, 161
of suckler cows, 153
coniferous trees, 34
conservation of grassland products, 113
constipation, 171
constitution, 170
consumer, 179, 182
contact herbicide, 120
contact insecticide, 127
continental, 154
continental beef breeds, 132, 133, 134
continental bulls, 153
continental crosses, 149, 157
continentals, 148
continuous variation, 45
contract growing of barley, 124, 127
contract growing of sugar beet, 120
contractile vacuole, 35, 91
cooling of milk, 139
Cooperia, 75
co-ordination, 96
copepods, 182
copper, 1, 13, 17, 23, 84, 126
copper deficiency, 113, 126
copper oxychloride, 126
copper poisoning, 84
copper sulphate, 84, 126, 168
copulation, 97
corm, 62
corn gluten, 151
corolla, 64
cortex, 58, 59, 93, 97
cortisone, 97
cottonseed meal, 140
cotyledon, 57, 65, 66, 67
cough, 75, 76
County Kildare, 15
County maps, 15
cow, 87, 91, 98
cow on grass, 136
Cowper’s gland, 97, 98
cowslips, 176
crabs, 36, 37
crane fly, 77
creamery, 141
creep feeding (piglets), 171, 173
creep feeding (lambs), 167
creep grazing, 112
creeping stem, 108
crested dogstail, 106
crimp (wool), 169
criss-crossing, 170
crocus, 62
crop requirements, 24
crop rotation, 109, 124
crops, 22, 105
crossbred bonus, 47
crossbred cows, 153
crossbreeding, 46, 47, 134, 141, 160, 170
cross-fertilisation, 74
crossing over, 42
crowfoot, 34
crowning of beet, 122
crowns of sugar beet, 123
Cruciferae, 34
crude protein, 140, 151, 173
crumbs, 13
crustaceans, 36, 37, 182
cud, 86
chewing, 88
cull cows, 131
cull value, 153, 154
culling, 47, 136, 140, 141, 161, 171
culm, 105
cultivar, 34
cultivation depth (barley), 125
curd, 139
curdling of milk, 85
cutaway bog, 7
future uses, 7
cuticle, 59
cutting, 64
cuttings, 63
cyanobacteria, 32
cycts, 76
cystine, 83, 174
cytokinin, 66
cytoplasm, 38, 40, 42, 55, 58

D

daddy-long-legs, 77
daffodil, 62
dagging, 163
daily weight gain
calves / cattle, 149, 153, 156
lambs, 166
pigs, 171
dairy breeds, 131, 141
dairy by-products, 174
dairy cow, 45, 134
dairy herd, 134
dairying, 190
daisy, 34, 177
damping off, 123
dandelion, 34, 65, 108, 177
dandelion family, 34
DE (digestible energy), 173, 174
deadly nightshade, 34
de-amination, 88, 92
decay, 50
deciduous trees, 66
decomposer, 177, 179, 180, 181
decoupling, 132, 152
deficiency diseases of sugar beet, 124
defoliating agent, 66
Demeter, 186
dendride, 95
dendron, 95
denitrification, 20
dentine, 86
dentition (dental formula, 86
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), 42, appendix
deplasmolysis, 72
dermis, 94
desiccation, 75
de-starching a plant, 68
development, 91, 97
diabetes, 45, 97
diaphragm, 80, 81, 99
dicalcium phosphate, 174
dicots (dicotyledons), 34, 57, 59
diet, 82, 85, 92
diet (sow), 171
diet feeder wagon, 150
diffusion, 47, 48, 51, 81, 90, 98
digestion, 82, 85, 86, 87, 90
digestive enzymes, 32, 54
digestive problems, 113
digestive system, 81, 84, 85
digestive tract, 84
dihybrid cross, 43
dill, 34
diploid, 39, 42, 43, 97
dipping, 163, 164, 165, 167, 169
diquat, 119
direct drilling, 109
direct sowing, 109
disaccharide, 82, 85
disaccharide structure (see appendix)
disease control (barley), 127
disease epidemic (barley), 127
disease resistance, 127
diseases (potato), 119
diseases of cattle, 147
diseases of sugar beet, 123
disinfectant, 164
dissection of sheep’s heart, 102
distillers’ grains, 151
dithiocarbamates, 119
divalent cations, 13
DM, 179, 181
DMD (dry matter digestibility), 105, 140, 144, 151, 152, 157
DNA, 42, appendix
dock, 34, 111
dog, 34, 86, 87
dominance, 133, 134
dominant (species), 180
dominant gene, 42, 45
dominant vegetation, 6
donkey, 34
dormant state, 77
Dorset Horn, 160, 166
dosing, 75, 150, 151, 156, 157, 163, 165, 168, 171, 172
double helix, 42
double suckling, 156
double-muscling, 134
downy mildew, 123
draft-free housing, 147
drainage, 11, 12, 14, 16, 22, 24, 77, 176, 177
drainage channels, 12
drainage water, 181
draught animals, 131
draughts, 170
dried blood, 24
dried molassed beet pulp, 123
dried skim milk, 173
drought, 126
dry matter digestibility (DMD), 105, 140, 144, 151, 152, 157
dry period, 136
dry rot, 119
drying off, 135
drying-up (ewe), 165
dual wheels, 125
dual-purpose breed, 131
dual-purpose characteristics, 154
dual-purpose type cow, 156
ductless gland, 96
Dunbar Rover, 116
dung pats, 112
duodenum, 85
Duroc boar, 170
Dursban, 127
dye reduction, 175
dysentery, 169

E

E. coli, 34
ear (cereal), 124
early grass, 136, 140, 141, 167
early lamb, 159, 160, 165, 166
early lambing, 160, 166
early lambing flock, 165
early maturing cattle, 133, 134, 157
early maturing lambs, 160
early maturity (lambs), 166
early potatoes, 115
early turnout, 145
early varieties of ryegrass, 107
earthing-up, 117
earthworms, 7, 10, 11, 13, 17, 22, 24, 29, 35, 36
easy calving, 132, 133, 145
easy feeding, 150
eating quality, 116
ecdysis, 77
ecological balance, 182, 185
ecology, 176, 180
economic efficiency, 148
ecosystem, 176, 177, 179, 180
edaphic factors, 176, 177, 180
eelworm, 35, 36, 76, 116, 117
eelworms (sugar beet), 123
effector, 94
efficiencies in beef production, 148
effluent, 24, 181
effluent management, 181
egestion, 92
egg (ovum), 97, 98
egg cell, 43
egg production, 46
eggs, 23, 82
eight-in-one vaccine, 164
Eisenia foetida, 35
ejaculation, 97, 98, 146
elasticity (wool), 169
elastrator, 165
electric charges, 13
electric fence, 112
electron shells, 2
electrons, 1
elements, 1, 23, 82
elimination, 23, 92
eluvial A horizon, 16
embryo (in barley seed), 124
embryo loss, 147
embryo mortality, 84
emergence, 122
emulsification, 85
enamel, 86
endocrine gland, 89, 97
endocrine system, 96
endodermis, 58
endoplasmic reticulum, 38
endosperm, 65
endospermic seed, 65
energy, 23, 24, 48, 49, 50, 60, 61, 81, 82, 87, 92, 94, 134, 137, 140, 145, 151, 174
energy deficit, 136
energy flow, 177, 179
energy food, 177
energy release, 49
ensiling, 56
ensiling of beet tops, 123
environment, 176, 180, 182
environmentally sensitive areas, 132
enzyme, 38, 54, 82, 88, 92, 93
epicotyl, 66, 67
Epicure, 116
epidermis, 58, 59, 94
epididymis, 97, 98
epigeal, 66
epigeal germination, 71
epiglottis, 81
equatorial plain, 41
Equus asinus, 34
erector muscles, 94
eripsin, 85
erysipelas, 171, 172
Escallonia, 63
Escherichia coli, 34
essential amino acids, 83
Estima, 116
ethanol, 50, 55
ethylene, 66
EU
market, 153, 155
subsidies, 152, 157
eukaryota, 32
eukaryotic cells, 32
eutrophication, 182
evaporating basin, 30
evolution, 45
Ewe breeds, 158
ewes, 98
excess minerals, 25
excess nitrogen, 25
excess protein, 23, 25
excess salts, 92
excess water, 25
excretion, 92, 93
excretory sytem, 92
exercise, 81, 100
exocrine, 96
exocrine gland, 97
exoskeleton, 76
exposure, 177
extensor, 80
external parasites, 37, 157
external skeleton, 37
extra-cellular fluid, 90
extracting chlorophyll, 68
eye blink, 96, 103
eye muscle, 146
eyes (potato), 118
eyespot, 124, 127

F

F1, 47
cross, 154
generation, 43
hybrid, 170
factors affecting germination, 70
transpiration, 60
factors influencing milk
composition, 139
faeces, 23, 24, 25, 85
failure to come on heat, 171
fallow, 127
farm project, appendix
farm waste, 181
farmhouse, appendix
Farmleigh, 132
farmyard manure (FYM), 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 113, 117, 118, 121, 181, 182
composition, breakdown, 25
farmyard runoff, 24
farrowing rate, 171
Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke), 35, 36, 37, 74, 75, 150, 157, 168 36
fat, 17, 81, 82, 83, 88, 91, 92, 101,140, 174
triglyceride structure (see appendix)
fat lamb production, 159, 162
fat reserves, 135
fatty acids, 82, 83, 85
structure (see appendix)
fatty-liver, 136
fauna (Irish), 185
FCE (feed conversion coefficient), 173
feathers, 94
feed conversion ratio, 171
feeding, 81
barley, 124, 126, 128
dairy cow, 134
dry cow, 135
sheep, 167
feeding level (suckler cow), 155
of finishing steers, 152
feeding in situ (beet tops), 123
feeding silage effluent to livestock, 181
felspar (feldspar), 4, 9
female gametes, 40
female reproductive system, 98
femur, 79
fen, 6
fen wood, 6
fencing off, 75
fermentation, 50
ferns, 34
fertilisation, 97
fertilisers, 14, 17, 24, 181
nitrogen, 108
fertility (ewe flock), 160
fertility (ewe), 163
fertility (of cows), 136
fertility (soil), 180
fertility (suckler cow), 155
fertility status, 126
fibre, 23, 82
fibre types (fleece), 169
fibrin, 89
fibrinogen, 89
fibrous food, 86
fibrous roots, 57, 58, 105, 108
fibula, 79
field capacity, 11
fighting infections, 89
filament, 64
Fingalway, 159
Finnish landrace, 159
fish, 36, 38
fish kills, 181
fishmeal, 24,140, 173, 174
fixed joint, 79
flag leaf, 124, 127
flaked maize, 173
flax, 66
flea beetle, 123
fleas, 36, 37
fleece, 165, 167, 169
flesh, 80
fleshy roots, 61
flexor, 80
flies, 36, 37
flocculation, 13, 22, 28
flock health, 167
flock management, 161
flock nutrition, 161
flock replacement, 159
flock upgrading, 160
flooding, 11
floor space, 165
floor space (sheep), 170
flora (Irish), 185
floret, 105
flower, 59, 64
flowering currant, 62
flowering plant, 34, 57
flowering stem, 105
flowering tillers, 106
flowers, 61, 105
flushing
pigs, 171, 172
sheep, 111, 163
fly strike, 165, 167
foaling, 98
fodder beet, 13, 61, 141, 164
foetus, 98, 163, 164, 171
folding of sheep, 158
foliage leaves, 67
foliar application, 126, 127
folic acid, 83
folk medicine, 108
food, 25, 81, 89
constituents, 82
food chain, 180
food energy, 177
food reserve, 67
food storage, 38, 58, 60, 61, 62, 66, 88, 101
food tests, 61, 100
food web, 180
foot bath, 163, 168
foot-care, 164
footrot, 163, 167, 168
footrot eradication, 168
forager, 114
forestry, 15, 16
formaldehyde, 168
Forsythia, 62
forward stores, 151, 156, 157
fossil fuel, 50
fossilisation, 50
fostering (calves), 156
fovea (yellow spot), 104
fox, 177
freelance multiple suckling, 156
Freemartin condition, 145
freezing, 5
freezing food, 56
French bean, 65, 67
friendly bacteria, 55
Friesians, 131, 133, 134, 135, 138, 139, 141, 149, 154
fruit fly, 109
front loader, 123
fruits, 61
fungal diseases, 54, 55, 123, 127
fungi, 10, 32, 35, 53, 54, 55, 179, 180
fungicide, 55, 64, 122, 127, 181, 182
FYM (farmyard manure), 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 113, 117, 118, 121, 181, 182

G

gall bladder, 85
Galway sheep, 158, 159
gamete, 42, 43, 44, 64
gamete formation, 40
Gamma BHC, 127
Gamma-Col, 127
gangrene(potato), 119
gases in slurry tanks, 185
gelatine, 51
gene, 42, 45, 47
gene pool, 47
General Soil Map of Ireland, 15
genetic conservation, 159
genetic monogerm, 122
genetic variability, 42, 45
genotype, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 171
genus, 34
geotropism, 71
geranium, 47
Gerber test, 175
germination, 23, 65, 66, 67
gestation, 135
gestation period
cow, 98
ewe, 98, 165
sow, 98, 171
giberellic acid, 66
giberellin, 66
gills, 38
gilts, 171
glacial till, 6
glaciers, 6
gladiolus, 62
gland cistern, 137, 138
glandular tissue, 137, 138
gleisation, 16
gley, 136
gley soil, 15, 16, 176
gleying, 16
globulin, 138
glomerulus, 93
glossary of ecological terms, 180
glucose, 49, 50, 60, 88, 90, 91, 93, 97, 138
glucose molecule structure (see appendix)
glycerol, 83, 85
glycogen, 60, 88, 90, 97
glyphosate, 122, 182
Golden Wonder, 116
gonadotrophin, 96
gonads, 40, 64, 74, 96, 97, 146, 166
goose grass, 65
gorse, 34
grafting, 63
grain drying, 128
Gramineae, 34, 57
granite, 4, 5, 9
grass, 22, 34, 105, 106, 109, 115, 140
grass family, 34
grass growth, 106, 136
grass identification (see appendix)
grass quality, 105
grass sward seed mixtures, 107
grass tetany, 22, 84, 95, 108, 137, 165
grass types and species, 106, 110
grass weeds, 127
grasses, 177
grasshopper, 37, 76
grassland, 19, 20, 105, 177
grassland management, 110, 187
in organic farming, 187
grassland reseeder, 189
grassland weeds, 62
gravitational water, 11, 14
gravity, 13, 71
grazer, 180
grazing, 105, 108, 109
of beet tops, 123
season, 16, 137
systems, 111
Great Soil groups, 15
green bottle, 165, 167
green fodder, 115
green manure, 24, 115
green plants, 82, 177, 179, 180
green potato tubers, 117
greenfly, 123, 127
greening (potato), 117
Grey-Brown Podzolics, 15, 16, 17
Greyface, 160
ground limestone, 3, 123, 174
groundkeepers, 116, 118
groundnut meal, 140
groundsel, 34, 61
groundwater pollution, 20
groundwater table, 16
growing point, 105
growth, 23, 25, 66, 81, 89, 91, 97
growth curves of grass, 109
growth hormone, 96
growth potential, 23, 155
growth promoter, 66
growth rate, 133, 155
growth rate (of grass tillers), 106
growth rate (pigs), 173
growth rate, 154
grubbing, 121
guard cell, 60
gum, 86
gymnosperms, 34
gynaecium, 64

H

I

IAA (indolacetic acid), 66, 72
ice age, 4, 6
identification of field monuments (see appendix)
identification of grasses (see appendix)
igneous rock, 4
IHFA, 131
Île de France, 159, 166
ileum, 85
illuvial B horizon, 16
imago, 76, 77
imbibitional water, 11
immunity, 112, 169, 172
immunoglobulins, 142
improving a dairy herd, 46
improving old pasture, 110
improving soil fertility, 24
in situ grazing of roots, 167
inbreeding, 46, 47
incisor, 86, 87
inclusion rates, 174
incomplete dominance, 44, 133
incomplete metamorphosis, 76
independent assortment, 43
indicators of good health (pigs), 170
indolacetic acid (IAA), 66, 72
industrial organic wastes, 24
infections, 89
inflorescence, 105
in-furrow insecticide, 123
ingestion, 32
inhalation, 81
inheritance, 43
insect metamorphosis, 76
insecticide, 77, 122, 123, 127, 147, 167, 171, 182
insects, 36, 37, 177
insolation, 177
insoluble fibre, 82
insulation, 94
insulin, 88, 97
integrated systems, 149
intensive grazing, 108
intercostal muscles, 81
interdependence, 177
intermediate host, 75
internal parasites, 167
internal skeleton, 37
interphase, 40
intestinal juice, 85
intestinal parasites, 164, 168
intestine, 34, 85, 90, 91
intramuscular fat, 91
involuntary culling, 141
involuntary muscle, 80
in-wintering ewes, 170
iodine, 1, 68, 84, 97, 100
iodine solution, 51, 164
IOFGA (Irish Organic Farmers and Growers Association), 186
iris, 62
iron, 1, 4, 7, 8, 13, 15, 16, 17, 23, 84
iron injection, 171
iron pan, 16
islets of Langerhans, 96, 97
Italian ryegrass, 106, 107

J

Jersey cattle, 132, 135, 138, 139
joint, 79
joint-ill, 142, 171

K

kale, 115, 141, 158
keds, 169
Keer’s Pink, 116
kelp, 32
Kelvin, 47
kemp fibres, 169
Kerry cattle, 132, 134, 139
kidney, 91, 93, 89
kidney tubule, 93
kill-out percentage, kill-out rate, 157, 158, 161
kingdoms, 32
knapweed, 109
knee jerk, 96, 103
knotgrass, 34
Kph (kg/hl), 125

L

labour (straining), 164
lactase, 85
lactation, 132, 136, 141, 154, 155, 156, 165, 167
lactic acid, 50, 139
lactic acid bacteria, 50, 123, 139
Lactobacillus acidophilus, 55
Lactobacillus bulgaricus, 34, 55, 142
lactose, 82, 138
lamb dysentery, 169
lamb mortality, 161, 167
lambing, 164
difficulties, 161
pattern, 163
rate, 159, 164
lameness, 147
laminitis, 113
Landrace pigs, 170
large biomolecules (see appendix)
Large White pigs, 170
late calving, 141
late varieties of ryegrass, 107
lateral roots, 57
lateral shoot, 66
laughing, 81
lawn-mowing, 177
lawns (horse pasture), 113
laxative, 142
layering, 62, 63
laying a hedgerow, 185
laying down land to grass, 109
leachable fertilisers, 181
leaching, 5, 7, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 180
leaching of bases, 22
leader-follower system, 75, 112, 143, 144, 145, 149
leaf analysis, 126
leaf function, 59
leaf sheath, 124
leaf structure, 59, 60
lean meat, 92
lean meat content, 154
leanness of carcase, 161
lea (ley), 109
leatherjackets, 77, 109, 127
leaves, 62, 105
as organs of perennation, 62
leeches, 36, 37
legume family, 34, 65
legumes, 18, 23, 24, 115, 108, 126
Leguminosae, 34
leptospirosis, 147
let-down process, 138
lettuce, 34
level of nutrition (ewe), 164
ley (lea), 24, 106, 109, 116, 125
lice, 36, 37, 169, 171, 172
lichens, 5, 54, 55, 177
licking the new-born lamb, 164
life cycle of liver fluke, 75
life cycle of potato tuber, 118
life cycles (invertebrates), 74
life processes, 177, 179
ligament, 80, 137
light, 66, 176, 177
lightning, 18
lignin, 10, 82
ligule, 105, 127
lilies, 34
lime, 3, 14, 19, 22, 123, 125, 185
slaked, 3
sludge, 123
status, 106
water, 53, 100
limestone, 3, 4, 5
ground, 3
liming, 13, 24
limiting grazing area, 137
Limnaea truncatula, 37
Limousin cattle, 43, 132, 133, 134, 154
Lindane, 127
line transect, 192
linkage, 42
linseed, 66
lipase, 85
lipid, 85
liquid milk production, 136
lithosols, 15
litmus paper, 51
litter (bedding), 23, 25
litter size
ewe flock, 160, 161, 166, 167
pigs, 171
live weight gain (LWG) (beef heifers), 158
liver, 85, 88, 89, 90, 93, 97
liver fluke, 35, 36, 37, 74, 75, 150, 157, 168
larva, 75
liverworts, 34
livestock, 131
living things, 32
loading wagon, 112
loam, 8, 9, 109, 116
lobsters, 37
local geographic factors, 177
locus of a gene, 43, 45, 47
lodging, 124, 126, 127
loin, 146
long wool breeds, 158, 159
long-term leys, 109
Loop of Henle, 93
loss of nutrients, 113
lowland farms, 162, 167
lowland flock, 161
lucerne, 112
Lugol’s iodine, 68, 100
lumbar region of skeleton, 79
Lumbricus terrestris, 35 (see also earthworm),
lumen, 85
lung model, 99
lungs, 81, 89, 93
lungworms, 35, 75, 150 (see also hoose)
lupins, 34, 124
lush grass, 113
luxury uptake (of potassium), 22
LWG (weanlings), 151
lying space, 151
lymph, 81, 90
lymph node, 91
lymph vessels, 90, 91
lymphatic, 90
lymphatic duct, 91
lymphatic system, 90
lymphocyte, 91
lysine, 83, 140, 173, 174

M

macronutrients, 9, 13
maggot strike, 167
maggots, 78, 165, 167
magma, 4
magnesium, 4, 7, 13, 15, 17, 22, 23, 84, 95, 123, 124, 126, 137
magnesium bullets, 84
magnesium ion, 2, 14
magnesium limestone, 126
magnesium requirements of
potatoes, 118
maiden gilts, 171
main crop potaoes, 115
main crop roots, 166
main shoot, 66
maintenance, 132, 135, 154, 155
maintenance ration, 134
maize, 47, 141, 172, 173, 174, 179
major elements, 13, 17
male gametes, 40
male reproductive system, 98
malt agar, 30
maltase, 85
malting, 124
malting barley, 124, 125, 126, 128
maltose, 82, 85
mammals, 36, 38, 94, 177
managing phosphorous in farming, 182
manganese, 1, 13, 17, 23, 84
deficiency, 124, 126
manganese sulphate, 124
mange, 171, 172
marbling, 91
marginal areas, 132
marigold, 61
Maris Peer, 116
Maris Piper, 116
marker harness, 163
mastitis, 135, 138, 141, 154, 161, 162
materials exchange, 91
maternal testing, 155
mating
copulation, 97
ewe, 160, 163
pigs, 171
matrix, 79
MCPA, 66
ME (metabolisable energy), 151
meadow, 15
meadow fescue, 106
meal, 92
measurement of yield (grassland), 113
measures of fertility (ewe flock), 161
meat and bone meal, 172, 173, 174
meat extract, 30
meat meal, 24
meat quality, 91
mechanical analysis, 28
mechanical cultivation, 124
medulla, 93, 97
medulla oblongata, 95
meiosis, 40, 43, 97
meiotic division, 42
membrane, 48
Mendel, Gregor, 134
Mendelian factors, 45
meningitis, 171
mercury, 47, 182
meristem, 58, 59
mesophyll, 60
metabolic problems, 155
metabolism, 82, 97
metacercaria, 74, 75
metal ions, 14
metals, 3
metamorphic rock, 4
metamorphosis, 76, 77
metaphase, 40, 41
methionine, 83, 140, 174
methylated spirit, 68
methylene blue, 51, 175
mica, 4, 5, 9
microbe, 86
microbial activity in soils, 187
microbiology, 56
micro-climate, 176, 177
micro-nutrients, 9, 13, 17
micro-organism, 87
micro-organisms, 24, 29, 49, 50
micropyle, 65
microscope, 51
mid-season lambs, 159, 165
mid-season ryegrasses, 107
mildew, 127
milk, 23, 82, 138
milk duct, 137, 138
milk fat, 138
milk fat percentage, 138
milk potential, 46, 132, 133, 135, 136
milk potential (ewe), 161
milk potential (suckler cow), 153, 155
milk protein, 138, 141, 142
milk quality, 138
milk quota, 140, 142, 152
milk recording, 141
milk replacement, 142, 143
milk replacer, 152
milk secreting tissue, 135
milk secretion, 138
milk sugar, 82, 138, 139
milk yield, 45, 137, 138, 139, 141
milk yield (sow), 173
milk fat, 141
milking off her (the cow’s) back, 136
milled peat, 6
millipedes, 11, 36, 37, 123
milo, 174
mineral lick, 84, 137
mineral nutrients, 13, 17, 23, 84, 124
mineral nutrition of sugar beet, 121
mineral particles, 9, 13
mineral salts, 9, 10, 30
mineral soils, 10, 16, 17
mineral supplement, 135
mineral uptake by plants, 48
mineralisation, 10
minerals, 7, 20, 24, 58, 82, 88, 93, 174
minerals in milk, 138
minimum number of passes, 125
minor elements, 9, 13, 17
mint, 62
miracidium, 74, 75
mismanagement of farm waste, 181
mites, 36
mitochondria, 38, 39, 40, 55
mitosis, 40, 41
mixed grazing, 112, 113
molar, 86, 87
molassed beet pulp, 145
molasses, 123, 140
mole drains, 12
mole plough, 12
molecules, 1, 47, 48, 82, 92
molluscs, 35, 36, 37
molybdenum, 1, 13, 17, 22, 23, 113, 177
Monera, 55
Mongan Bog, 7
monocots (monocotyledons), 34, 57, 59
monogastric animals, 84, 88, 174
monogerm, 122
monohybrid cross, 43
monosaccharide, 82, 85
mortality (pigs), 171
moss peat, 63
mosses, 34
mothering on, 164
mothering qualities, 160
moulding, 117
moulds, 54
moult, 77
mound layering, 63
mountain breeds (sheep), 158, 165
mountain flocks, 162
movement, 79
Muckross Park, 132
Mucor, 54
mucus, 81, 84
mudsnail, 37, 74, 75
Mule, 160
mulluscicide, 75
multicellular fungi, 54
multicellular organisms, 32
multifactorial inheritance, 45
multiple ovulations, 163
multiple suckling, 152, 156
multivalent vaccines, 168
mummified foetuses, 171
muriate of potash, 22
muscle, 80, 88, 91, 94, 95, 96
muscle development, 92
muscle thickening, 91
mushrooms, 54
mutation, 40, 45
mutualism, 54, 55, 180
mycelium, 54
mycorrhiza, 10, 54
myriapods, 36, 37

N

naked seeds, 34
nasturtium, 61
National Soil Survey
, 15 natural selection, 45, 47
navel, 142, 164, 171
nectar, 76
nectary, 64
nematodes, 11, 28, 35, 36, 75, 76, 124
nematodes (sugar beet), 123
Nematodirus, 75, 111, 168
nephron, 93
nerve, 86
nerve cell, 84, 95
nerve fibre, 95
nerve impulse, 84, 96, 138
nervous system, 91, 94
neuron, 95, 96
neutral (near neutral) soil, 13, 176
neutralising acid soils, 3
neutrons, 1
New Zealand, 112
NHA (Natural Heritage Area), 185
niacine, 83
niche, 180
nightshades, 34
nitrate(s), 14, 18, 19, 20, 30
nitrate ion, 2, 14, 17
nitric acid, 5
nitric nitrogen, 14, 19
nitrification, 18, 126
nitrifying bacteria, 18
nitrite(s), 18, 19
Nitrobacter, 18
nitrogen, 1, 11, 13, 14, 17, 20, 22, 24, 83, 87, 92, 121, 123, 125, 137, 149, 151, 176, 177
deficiency, 17
economic response, 20
excess, 17
nitric, 14
uptake by plants, 20
uptake by soil microorganisms, 20
nitrogen applications on grassland, 110
nitrogen cycle, 10, 17, 22
nitrogen fertiliser, 18, 19, 20
loss and recovery of, 20
nitrogen fixation, 18, 105, 108, 115
nitrogen fixing bacteria, 12, 18, 23
nitrogen index, 19, 126
nitrogen levels, 105
nitrogen requirements of potatoes, 118
nitrogen reserves, 126
nitrogenous waste, 92, 93
Nitrosomonas, 18
node, 124
nodules, 18
non-protein nitrogen, 137
North America, 112
notifyable disease, 78, 169
nuclear membrane, 32, 35, 40, 41, 42, 55
nucleolus, 39, 40
nucleoplasm, 38
nucleotide, 42
nucleotides in DNA (see appendix)
nucleus, 32, 38, 39, 40, 42, 55, 97
nurse crop, 109
nutrient agar, 30
nutrient management planning, 184
nutrients, 15, 98
nutrition, 92
nutritional values of feedstuffs (pigs), 173
nutritive (nutritional) value of sward, 105
nymph, 76

O

O horizon, 10, 16
oats, 13, 174
oedema, 172
oesophageal pouch, 86
oesophagus, 78, 85
oestrogen, 97
oestrous cycle, 97
oestrus, 160, 166 (see also under heat)
Offaly, 7
oil seed rape, 13
Old Red Sandstone, 16
omasum, 86, 88
omnivore, 179, 180
one-pass equipment, 12
onion(s), 34, 62
onion skin, 51
open drains, 12
oral sucker (fluke), 74
organ systems, 74
organelles, 38
organic beef production, 189
organic compounds, 24
organic dairying, 190
organic farming, 186
organic fertiliser(s), 24, 55
organic food, 180
organic matter, 4, 9, 10, 11, 16, 17, 21, 24, 180, 181
organic nitrogen, 126
organic sheep production, 190
organic soils, 13
organic tillage farming, 191
Organic Trust, 186
organic wastes, 24
organo-phosphate, 167
organo-phosphates, 78
organotins, 119
organs of perennation, 62
osmosis, 47, 48, 52
Ostertagia, 75
outbreeding, 47
ovary, 64, 96, 97, 98, 166
ovary activity, 163
ovary in flowers, 65
over-fertilisation, 55, 181
overgrazing, 110, 113, 177
over-liming, 22, 75, 126
oviduct, 97, 98
ovulation, 160, 163
ovule, 64, 65
ovum, 97
oxygen, 1, 4, 11, 12, 19, 25, 49, 60, 69, 80, 83, 89, 98
pathway, 81
oxytocin, 96, 138

P

Q

quadrat, 192
quadrate frame, 29
qualitative experiments, 102
quantitative experiments, 102
quartz, 4, 5, 9
quota, 140

R

raan, 23
rabbit, 177
raddling, 163
radicle, 65, 67, 71
radius, 79
raffia, 64
ragwort, 34, 61, 65
rainfall, 11, 16, 20, 22, 176
raised bog, 6
ram, 162, 163, 166
ram activity, 163, 168
ram effect, 166
Ramularia, 124
random movement of molecules, 47, 48
Ranunculaceae, 34
Ranunculus acris, 34
Ranunculus bulbosus, 34
rape, 115
rape seed meal, 140
rations for sows and gilts, 172
raw materials from food, 91
reagents, 100
receptacle, 64, 65, 105
receptor, 94, 95, 96
recessive, 134
recessive gene, 42, 45
reclaiming bogland, 24
reclamation of podzols, 16
recommended list of herbage varieties, 107
Record, 116
recovery period (of white clover), 108
rectum, 85
recycling, 177
recycling minerals, 11
red blood corpuscles, 79, 88, 89
red bone marrow, 89
Red Cara, 116
red clover, 108, 112, 177
redia, 74
redshank, 34, 61
reduced suckling, 152
redwater, 35
refined carbohydrate, 55
reflex action, 103
reflex arc, 96
Regosols, 15
regular heat, 163
release of nutrients, 10, 22
renal artery, 93
renal vein, 93
Rendzinas, 15
rennin, 85, 88
repair, 25, 81
repeat breeders, 147
repeat service, 163, 171
replacement
ewe flock, 159, 160, 162, 163
sows / gilts, 170, 171, 172
suckler herd, 155, 156
heifers, 144, 145
replacement rate, 142
reproduction, 23, 25, 59, 61, 62, 81, 177
reproductive life of crossbred
suckler cows, 153
reproductive system, 97
REPS (Rural Environmental Protection Scheme), 108, 183
REPS 2, 186
reptiles, 36, 38
reseeding grassland, 107, 109, 188
resistance to scrapie, 159
resistance to stomach worms, 159
resistance to worm infection, 75
respiration, 38, 49, 50, 53, 55, 84, 177
respiration (milk), 25
response to stimuli, 66, 71, 94, 96
resting paddocks, 151
restricting feed allowance, 172
reticulum, 86, 88
retractor muscle, 98
Rhizobium, 18
rhizoid, 54
rhizome(s), 62, 63, 105, 118
rhododendron, 62
rhubarb, 34
rhubarb family, 34
Rhynchosporium, 127
riboflavin, 83
ribonucleic acid, 42
ribosome(s), 38, 39, 40, 42
ribs, 79, 81, 146
rising of wool, 165
river pollution, 21
RNA (ribonucleic acid), 42
robin-run-the-hedge, 65
rock, 4, 5
acidic, 4
alkaline, 4
breakdown of, 4
groups, 4
igneous, 4
impermeable, 5
metamorphic, 4
permeable, 5
physical weathering of, 4
sedimentary, 4
rock phosphate, 19
rods, 104
Rooster, 116
roots, 12, 57, 59, 62, 63
hairs, 58
nodules, 18
organs of perennation, 62
structure, 58
root break, 117, 124, 125, 127
root crops, 61
root penetration, 16
root pressure, 70
root system (of grass), 106
root tuber, 62
root vegetables, 61
rooting powder, 66
roots (root crops), 166, 167
rootstock, 64
Rosaceae, 34
rose, 34
rose family, 34
rosette, 61
rosette-forming weeds, 177
rotation, 22, 124, 125, 127
rotational grazing, 111
roughage, 23, 156
roughs (horse pasture), 113
rough-stalked meadow grass, 176
rough-stalked meadow-grass, 106
roundworms, 35, 36
rumen, 56, 86, 88, 137
Rumex acetosa, 34
ruminant(s), 75, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88
ruminant stomach, 142
ruminate, 86, 88
rumination, 88
runner, 62
runoff, 20
rushes, 176
rust, 54
rust in barley, 127
rusty-brown mottling, 16
ryegrass, 13, 105, 106, 107, 109, 140
perennial, 13
ryegrass floret, 64
ryegrass varieties, 107

S

SAC (Special Area of Conservation), 185
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 34, 55
saliva, 84, 85
salivary amylase, 102
salivary gland, 96
salt, 3, 138
salt deserts, 13
salt lick, 84
salts, 92, 93
sampling techniques, 191
sand, 4, 8, 9, 15
sand particles, 9, 12
sandstone, 4
sandy loam, 126
sandy soil, 8, 13, 15, 126
characteristics of, 8
saprophyte(s), 32, 54, 180
Saxon, 116
scab, 78, 169
scab (potato), 117, 119
scab mite, 78, 169
scabious, 176
scale leaf, 62
scales, 38
scanning, 164
scavangers, 174
SCC (somatic cell count), 140
schist, 4
scientific names, 34
plant families, 34
scion, 64
sclerenchyma, 59
Scots pine, 176
Scottish Blackface, 158, 159
scour(s), scouring 84, 108, 123, 142, 154, 155, 167, 172
scouring from beet tops, 123
scrapie, 159
screenings, 125
scrotum, 97, 165
scurf, 117
scutch, 34, 62, 121, 122, 127
seasonal breeders (ewes), 165
seaweed, 24, 55
sebaceous gland, 94
Second Earlies, 116
secondary consumer, 179, 182
secondary infection, 147
secondary succession, 180
sedges, 176
sedimentary rock, 4
seed bed
grass and clover, 109
potato, 117
seed dispersal, 65, 176, 177
seed dressing, 117, 127, 128
seed leaf, 57
seed mixtures, 109
seed potatoes, 117
seed-bearing plants, 34
seed-borne diseases, 128
seeding grassland, 109
seeding rate, 109
seeding rate of sugar beet, 122
seeds, 61, 65
selecting animals for breeding (pigs), 170
selection, natural 47
selenium, 84
self pollination, 44
semen, 97
seminal vesicle, 97, 98
semi-permeable membrane, 48
sepal, 64, 65
septum, 90
sere, 180
Serovar hardjo, 147
serum, 89
set-stocking, 111
seven-in-one vaccine, 164, 168
sewage treatment, 56
sex cell, 64
sex chromosomes, 39, 43
sex determination, 44
sex hormones, 97
sex linkage, 44, 45
sex organs (gonads), 40, 64, 74, 96, 97, 146, 166
sexual maturity, 91
sexual reproduction, 54
sexual reproduction (flower), 64
shale, 4
share type beet harvester, 122
shearing, 165
sheath, 105
shedding of leaves, 66
sheep, 74, 75, 86, 87, 112, 158, 179
sheep breeds, 158
sheep dips, 181 (see also dipping)
sheep production, 190
sheep scab, 78, 169
sheep sickness of pasture, 168
shelter, 177
shoddy, 24
shoot, 57
short wool breeds, 158
Shorthorn cattle, 44
short-term leys, 106, 109
shrimps, 37
shrubs, 177
sieve tubes, 58
sight, 94
silage, 92, 107, 109, 110, 111, 113, 137, 140, 141, 149, 155, 157, 167, 180
silage additives, 123, 181
silage condervation, 148
silage consumption, 145
silage contamination with soil, 114
silage effluent, 174, 181
silage grab, 123
silage making, 50
silage runoff, 24
silage wrapper, 114, 115
silica, 9, 15
silicon, 1
silicon dioxide, 4, 15
silt, 8, 9
silt particles, 9
silver scurf, 117
silverweed, 34, 62,109
Simmental, 43, 132, 133, 134, 155
simple sugar, 101
single pass equipment, 125
single suckler herd, 152
single suckling, 156
single-celled organisms, 32, 40
sire (boar), 170, 171
sire, choice of, (bull) 145
skeletal muscle, 88, 90
skeletal system, 79, 91
skim milk, 143, 173, 174
skin, 88, 93
skin parasites, 171(see also parasites)
skull, 79, 87
slain, 6
slaked lime, 3
Slaney, 116
slatted floor (sheep house), 170
slatted walls, 170
slot seeding, 109
slugs, 36, 119
slurry, 20, 24, 25, 107, 111, 121, 181, 182
slurry management, 184
slurry seeding, 109
small mammals trap, 192
smell, 94
smooth meadow grass, 176
smooth muscle, 80
smut, 54
snails, 36
snapdragon, 65
SNF (solids non-fat), 138
snowdrop, 62
sodium, 1, 4, 7, 15, 84, 95, 121
sodium chloride, 1, 138
sodium hypochlorite, 53
sodium ion(s), 2, 93
sodium metabisulphite, 53
Soft Ground Rock Phosphate, 19
soft wet rot, 119
soil, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17
air, 9, 11, 12
bacteria, 11
classification according to clay content, 9
classification according to organic matter content, 10
classification according to pH, 13
composition, 9
derived, 7
formation, 4
formed in situ, 7
free draining, 5
horizons, 7
macro-organisms, 9
micro-organisms, 9
origins, 4
permeability, 27
pH, 13
profile, 7
properties, 9
solution, 14
structure, 14, 22
temperature, 13
texture, 9
water, 9, 11, 13
water deficit, 11
well-drained soil as warm soil, 14
wet soil as cold soil, 13
soil air, 117
soil analysis, 126
soil analysis service, 120
Soil Associations, 15
soil bacteria, 7, 10
soil bulletins, 15
soil colour, 10, 13
absorption of sunlight, 10
soil compaction, 113, 117, 121, 125
soil conditioner, 3, 22
soil contamination of beet tops, 23
soil depth, 11, 120
soil factors, 136
soil fertility, 10, 22
soil fertility (in organic farming), 187
soil index, 126, 182
soil index (phosphorus), 22
soil maps, 15, Plate 1
soil micro-organisms, 10, 21
soil particles, 19, 22
soil pH, 27, 120, 176 (see also under pH)
soil reserve, 21
Soil Series, 15
soil solution, 22
soil structure, 10
soil suitability / rotation (potatoes), 116
soil tests, 22, 182
soil texture, 8, 11
soil texture triangle, 8
soil water, 11
soil-borne diseases, 123, 124
soil-borne fungus disease,
soiled water, 181
soils, 13, 14, 16
acidic, 5
alkaline, 5
heavy, 14
neutral, 5
organic, 13
well-drained soils as warm soils, 16
wet soils as cold soils, 16
Solanaceae, 34
solar radiation, 179
solum, 7
solute, 48
solution, 48
true solution, 13
solvent, 48
somatic cell, 43
somatic cell count (SCC), 140
sorrell, 34
sour milk, 140
souring of milk, 139
sow house, 171
sow ration, 172
sowing in drills (sugar beet), 122
sowing on the flat (sugar beet), 122
sows, 98
soya bean meal, 83, 140, 172, 173, 174
soya beans, 179
SPA (Special Protection Area), 185
Spagnum, 6, 34
sparrow hawk, 182
species, 34, 39
speckled yellows, 124
sperm, 44, 97, 146
Spermaphyta, 34
spermatozoa, 97
spiders, 36, 37
spike, 124
spikelet, 105
spinal cord, 96, 138
spindle, 40
spindle fibres, 41
spirochaetes, 56
Spirogyra, 32
sponging, 97, 146, 160, 166
spongy layer, 60
sporangiophore, 54
sporangium, 54
spore, 54
spore formation, 54
spores, 118
sporocyst, 74
sprayer washings, 181
spraying against potato blight, 119
spring barley, 125, 126
spring calving, 136, 155
spring cereal, 109
springtails, 11, 123
sprout inhibitors, 120
sprouting (potato), 117
square bales, 156
squeeze type beet harvester, 122
staggering barley harvest, 127
stamen, 64, 65
standardising litter size, 171
staples (fleece), 169
starch, 17, 55, 58, 60, 66, 82, 85, 88, 100, 140, 174
steaming up, 135, 164
steer(s), 62, 146, 152, 157, 179
stem(s), 57, 105
stem function, 59
stem structure, 59
stem tuber, 62
stem tubers, 117
stemmy grass, 82
stemmy growth, 107
stems as organs of
perennation, 62
sterilisation, 56, 139
sternum, 79
sticklebacks, 182
stigma, 64, 65
stillbirths, 147, 171
stimulating the udder, 138
stimulus, 94, 96, 138
stitching-in, 109
stock bull, 145, 152, 153
stock selection (sheep), 161
stocking rate, 75, 110, 111, 132, 151, 155, 156, 166, 167, 168
stolon, 62, 108
stoma, 60
stomach, 85
stomach tube, 164
stomach worms, 35, 75, 150, 157, 159
storage (potato), 119
storage (sugar beet), 122
storage problems of sugar beet, 123
store cattle, 151, 156, 157
straight fertilisers, 22
straining, 164
straw, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 82, 125, 128
strawberry, 34, 62
stress prior to slaughter, 157
striated muscle, 80
strip grazing, 112
strip seeding, 107, 109
striped muscle, 80
structure, 14
structure of animal body, 74
stubble, 24, 127
stubble cultivation, 121
stubble turnip, 115
student farm project, 193
studying a habitat, 192
style, 64, 65
subcutaneous fat, 91, 92, 94
subcutaneous layer, 94
subsoil, 7
subsoiling, 121, 125
subspecies, 34
succession, 6, 177, 180
suckler cow / dam, 134, 152, 154
suckler dam suitability, 153
suckler herd, 131, 141, 152
sucrase, 85
sucrose, 82, 120
suffocation, 137
Suffolk Down, 159, 160, 162
sugar, 55, 58, 60, 66, 82, 88, 100
sugar beet, 13, 22, 60, 61, 120, 121, 179
sugar content, 120
sugar beet nematode, 76
sugar cane, 120
sugar factories, 120
sugars, 17, 22
sulphate, 19
sulphate ion, 2
sulphate of ammonia, 19, 23
sulphate of potash, 22
sulphur, 1, 4, 15, 17, 23, 83, 84, 121, 123, 126
sulphur deficiency, 19, 23
sulphuric acid, 5
summer dip, 165, 167
summer grazing, 156
summer mastitis, 147
summer mating, 160
sunflower, 34
sunlight, 17, 60, 61, 68, 177, 179, 180
superlevy, 131
Superphosphate, 19, 23
super-pressed beet pulp, 123
support, 79
surface runoff, 181
suspension, 13
sward, 105, 109
swayback, 84
sweat, 93, 94
sweat duct, 94
sweat gland, 94, 96
swede turnip, 164
sweep net, 192
swollen roots, 61
sycamore, 65
symbiosis, 180
symbiotic bacteria, 82
symphalids, 123
synaptic knob, 95
synovial fluid, 80
synovial joint, 79
systemic fungicides (systemics), 119
systemic insecticide, 123, 171
systemic weed killer, 121

T

table salt, 1
tail docking, 165
tail painting, 145, 152
tallow, 173
tandem grazing (leader-follower system), 75, 112, 143, 144, 145, 149
tap roots, 108
targets for average daily gain (cattle), 149, 150, 151, 157, 158
targets for early lamb production, 166
targets for hill areas, 167
targets for replacement heifers, 144
targets in pig production, 171
targets in sheep production, 161
taste, 94
TB (tuberculosis), 141, 148
teat canal, 137
teat cistern, 137
teats (sow/gilt), 170
teeth, 84, 86
telophase, 40, 41
temperature (climate), 177
temperature (climatic), 176
temperature (pig house), 172
temperature (sheep house), 170
temperature regulation (skin), 94
temporary ley, 124
terminal bud, 57, 62
terminal sire, 155, 159, 160, 162, 170
tertiary consumer, 182
test cross, 43
testa, 65, 67
testis, testes, 96, 97, 98
testosterone, 97
tetanus, 169
tetraploid, 42
tetraploid varieties of grass, 107
Texel, 159, 160, 162
textural B horizon, 7
thermometer, 47
thiamine, 83
thigmotropism, 72
thistle, 34, 65
thoracic region of backbone, 79
thoracic cavity, 81
thoracic duct, 91
thorax, 37, 80, 81
three-way cross, 154, 155, 170
threshing, 124, 128
thyroid, 84
thyroid gland, 96, 97
thyroxin, 84, 97
tibia, 79
ticks, 169
tiger worm, 35
tillage, 15, 16
tillage depth, 120
tillage farming, 191
tillage farms, 165, 167
tillage weeds, 61
tillering, 77, 112
tiller(s), 105, 106, 111, 124
time of housing, 150
timing of weed control, 127
Timothy, 106, 176
toadstools, 54
tobacco, 34
tomato, 34
tongue, 86
top dressing, 126
top soil, 7
topographic factors, 177
topography, 16, 177
topping of pastures, 110, 113
touch, 94
touch receptor, 94
trace elements (trace minerals) 10, 13, 19, 24, 84, 174
traceability, 128
trachea, 81, 97
tracheid, 58
traditional beef breeds, 133, 134
transect, 192
translocation, 58
transpiration, 60, 64, 69, 70
transport of sugar, 59
trees, 177
Trichina, 35
Trichostrongylus, 75
tricuspid valve, 90
triglyceride structure (see appendix)
trimming sheeps’ hooves, 168
trimming soiled wool, 167
triple-purpose cattle, 133
triplets, 161, 163
triploid, 42
tropism, 66, 72
trough space, 151, 165
ewes, 170
pigs, 172
trypsin, 85
tryptophan, 174
tuberculosis, 148
tuberculosis (TB), 141
tubers, 115
tulip, 34, 62
turbellaria, 35
turnips, 13, 34, 61, 158, 164, 167
turnout, 136, 140
turnout date, 144, 145
twin wheels, 12
twin-lamb disease, 164
twins, 161, 163, 164
twitching of tail, 167
two-year conversion, 187

U

udder, 135, 137, 138, 139
udder (ewe), 164
udder check (ewe), 163
udder infections, 135
UFL, 151
ulna, 79
Umbelliferae, 34
umbilical cord (umbilicus), 98
unborn calf, 135, 136
undergrazing, 110
underground stem, 105
undershot jaw, 161
undersowing, 109
unicellular fungi, 54
unicellular organism(s), 32, 55
uniform offspring, 46
upgrading a ewe flock, 160
uptake of minerals by plants, 23
uptake of water, 70
uranium, 1
urea, 15, 18, 19, 23, 25, 87, 88, 89, 92, 93
ureter, 93
urethra, 93, 97, 98
uric acid, 93
urine, 23, 24, 25, 93
use of fertilisers (in organic farming), 187
uterus, 97, 98

V

vaccination, 76, 147, 150, 164, 165, 168, 169, 171, 172
vacuole, 38, 39
vagina, 97, 98, 164, 166
variety, 34
vas deferens, 97, 98
vascular bundle(s), 35, 57, 59
vasectomised bull, 145, 146, 152
vasopressin, 93, 96
vegetative reproduction, 62
vegetative stage, 105
vein(s) (blood), 89, 90, 93
veins in leaves, 57
vena cava, 89, 90
ventilation, 147, 169, 170
ventral sucker (fluke), 74
ventricle, 90
venule, 93
vertebrates, 35, 36, 37
vetch, 34
villus, 85, 86, 90
violet root rot, 123
viral pneumonia, 147
virus (potato), 117, 119
virus disease (sugar beet), 123
virus disease (barley), 127
virus yellows, 123, 124
viscera, 88
visceral fat, 91
vital lung capacity, 99
vitamin B complex, 87
vitamin B12, 84, 87
vitamin C, 101
vitamin(s), 55, 82, 83, 174
viviparous, 38
volatilisation, 19, 20, 23, 24
voluntary muscle, 80
voluntary culling, 141
volunteer cereals, 125
vulva, 98

W

warble fly, 78
ware potatoes, 116, 117
warm soils, 136
warm-blooded animals, 80
waste acids (neutralisation of), 22
waste disposal, 92
waste material, 93
waste products, 89, 98
water, 13, 20, 24, 25, 49, 58, 61, 66, 69, 82, 84, 91, 92, 93, 99, 138, 141
capillary, 13
drinking water, 20
gravitational, 13
imbibitional, 13
pollution of, 20
upward movement of, 19, 20
water availability, 111, 113
water bag, 164
water balance in plants, 23
water fleas, 37
water holding capacity, 6, 11, 176
water molecule, 1, 48, 93
water pollution, 55, 181
water table, 6, 11, 181
water vapour, 11
waterlogged soil, 6, 176
waterlogging, 5, 11, 16
wax, 64
weaning
calves, 143, 156
lambs, 163, 165
pigs, 172
weaning rate (weaning percentage) (ewe flock), 160, 161, 166, 167
weaning weight of suckled calves, 153
weathering of rocks, 4, 5
chemical, 5
physical, 5
weathering of soil, 121
wedge craft, 63
weed beet, 122
weed content of pasture, 137
weed control, 117, 125
weed grasses, 109, 110, 140
weed killer, 66, 127
weeds, 105, 106
weeds (in grassland), 108
weight gain, 112, 134, 136 (see also ADG and daily weight gain)
well-drained soil(s), 12, 16
wet funnel, 28
wheat, 13, 53, 125, 151, 172, 173, 174
whey, 139, 174
whey powder, 143
whiskey, 55
white blood cells, 89, 91
white clover, 13, 22, 105, 106, 108, 176
whiteheads, 133
whitethorn, 177
whole milk, 138
wholecrop cereal silage, 141
Wicklow Cheviot, 158, 159, 161, 162, 167
wild oats, 127, 128
wildlife habitat, 185
Wilja, 116
willow, 63, 176
wilting, 123, 181
wilting of beet tops, 123
wilting point, 11
permanent, 11
wind, 176
wind pollination, 176
windbreak, 143
windrows, 123
wine, 55
winemaking, 54, 55
winter dip, 164
winter feed for cattle and sheep, 123
winter feeding
dairy cows, 134
dry cows, 128
ewe flock, 165
saving silage, 137
suckler herd, 155
winter finishing cattle, 152, 156, 157
wintering the ewe flock, 161
winter-shorn ewes, 170
wireworm (potato), 119
wireworm(s), 11, 77, 117
wolf, 34, 179
wood, 82
woodlice, 36, 37
woody perennials, 61
wool, 23, 25, 78, 82, 159, 169
wool production, 165
worm casts, 10
worm control, 167
worm larvae, 167, 168
worms (intestinal parasites ), 164, 168
writing up an experiment, 73

X

X chromosome, 44
xantoproteic test, 101
xylem, 58, 59

Y

Y chromosome, 44
yarrow, 108
yeaning, 164
yearling cattle, 92
year-round calving, 136
yeast, 32, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55
yellow dwarf virus, 127
yellow spot, 104
yield of a sward, 105
yield of potatoes, 120
yield of sugar beet, 122
yoghurt, 55, 140
yoghurt culture, 142
Yorkshire fog, 109

Z

zeatin, 66
zero grazing, 112
zinc, 84
zinc deficiency, 126
zinc sulphate, 127, 168
zone of elongation, 58
zygote, 42, 97, 98

A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

© Hermann Geissel 2004 - Leaving Certificate Agricultural Science - http://www.crsbooks.net